random number intro

Brief intro to random number and with Python

One of the example the use of random numbers, even unethical, is in lotteries with prize money, since the winning number is usually (hopefully) a truly random number, where each digit being determined, for example, by physically drawing a (numbered) ball from some kind of container ¹. Main uses of the numbers are in simulation and for cryptography, where the main requirement on the quality of the numbers is on their statistical properties, that appear random, since they are supposed not to be predictable, where one of the approaches is using hardware random number generator ². A true random generator (TRNG) uses a non-deterministic source to produce randomness, where most operate by measuring unpredictable natural processes, such as thermal (resistance or shot) noise, atmospheric noise, or nuclear decay, since the entropy, trustworthiness, and performance all depend on the TRNG design, while a pseudo random number generator (PRNG) by itself will be insecure without a TRNG for seeding ³. What amazing about random number generators (RNG) is that one of them is invented before symbols to represent numbers, e.g. dice, and then coin ⁴.