Motion of Simple Pendulum

Using the small angle approximation

$$\tag{1} \sin\theta \approx \theta $$

equation of motion of a simple pendulum is reduced to

$$\tag{2} \frac{d^2 \theta}{dt^2} + \frac{g}{L} \theta = 0, $$

which gives the simple harmonic solution

$$\tag{3} \theta(t) = \theta_A \sin (\omega t + \varphi_0) $$

that describes the angular motion of the pendulum, where

$$\tag{4} \omega = \sqrt{\frac{g}{L}} $$

is the angular frequency of the oscillation.